Setting, Model Migration Dan View Di Crud Dengan Django Dan Boostrap 4 — Part 2

Membangun aplikasi web di era modern memerlukan pondasi yang kokoh. Framework modern memberikan fleksibilitas luar biasa bagi developer untuk menghadirkan fitur kompleks secara cepat tanpa mengabaikan aspek keamanan dan keandalan sistem.

Tahapan Implementasi & Walkthrough Kode

Berikut adalah langkah demi langkah teknis yang dapat Anda ikuti langsung pada codebase Anda:

Tahap 1: Penulisan Kode & Konfigurasi

DEBUG = True

Tahap 2: Penulisan Kode & Konfigurasi

ALLOWED_HOSTS = [
	'127.0.0.1', //localhost
    'simplecruddjango.test'
]

Tahap 3: Penulisan Kode & Konfigurasi

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # Aplikasi Todo
    'todo.apps.TodoConfig',
]

Tahap 4: Penulisan Kode & Konfigurasi

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}

Tahap 5: Penulisan Kode & Konfigurasi

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Jakarta'

Tahap 6: Penulisan Kode & Konfigurasi

"""
Django settings for app project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.1.6.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '-&-qo53&0af0@3edgv5jp6^4s=xfdt2+n^uk7w1a1(&*qa0mc2'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = [
    '127.0.0.1'
]


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # Aplikasi Todo
    'todo.apps.TodoConfig',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'app.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'app.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Jakarta'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

Tahap 7: Penulisan Kode & Konfigurasi

./manage.py runserver

Tahap 8: Penulisan Kode & Konfigurasi

./manage.py runserver 3000

Tahap 9: Penulisan Kode & Konfigurasi

(env) sakukode@sakukode:~/todo-project$ ./manage.py runserver 3000
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
February 08, 2021 - 18:54:23
Django version 3.1.6, using settings 'app.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:3000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

Tahap 10: Penulisan Kode & Konfigurasi

from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
from django.db import models


class Task(models.Model):
    # define status choices/options
    class TaskStatus(models.TextChoices):
        TODO = 'todo', _('Todo')
        IN_PROGRESS = 'in_progress', _('In Progress')
        CLOSED = 'closed', _('Closed')
    
    # define columns
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    description = models.TextField()
    status = models.CharField(
        max_length=20,
        choices=TaskStatus.choices,
        default=TaskStatus.TODO
    )
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

    class Meta:
        # define table name
        db_table = 'tasks'

Tahap 11: Penulisan Kode & Konfigurasi

./manage.py makemigrations todo

Tahap 12: Penulisan Kode & Konfigurasi

./manage.py migrate

Tahap 13: Penulisan Kode & Konfigurasi

(env) sakukode@sakukode:~/todo-project$ ./manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions, todo
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK
  Applying auth.0012_alter_user_first_name_max_length... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK
  Applying todo.0001_initial... OK
(env) sakukode@sakukode:~/todo-project$

Tahap 14: Penulisan Kode & Konfigurasi

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

def my_view(request):
    return HttpResponse("Belajar CRUD Django")

Tahap 15: Penulisan Kode & Konfigurasi

from django.urls import path

# import my_view from todo Application
from .views import my_view

urlpatterns = [
    path('', my_view, name='my_view')
]

Tahap 16: Penulisan Kode & Konfigurasi

"""app URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', views.home, name='home')
Class-based views
    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('', Home.as_view(), name='home')
Including another URLconf
    1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path
    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.urls.conf import include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # add route from todo Application
    path('todo/', include('todo.urls'))
]

Kesimpulan

Dengan mengikuti langkah-langkah terstruktur di atas, implementasi modul Anda akan jauh lebih rapi, aman dari bug umum, serta siap diskalakan ke lingkungan produksi.

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